Michigan State Spartans

Dollar figures on these rows are modeled from block hours and an effective-dated hourly rate, fit against an invoice corpus of 458 priced flight records worth $4.16M. A figure tagged Documented cost is a real invoice or billing record, not a model output. Booster-aircraft rows show an estimated value of the flight — gift-in-kind context, not program spending — and are excluded from the headline total.

Rate version 2026-08-05.published-billing-v1. Full sources, the out-of-sample error measurement, and what these numbers do not claim: flight cost methodology.